Sources & Definitions

Glossary of key terms and citations supporting the Act.

Glossary

Affordability

Housing is generally considered affordable when a household spends no more than 30% of gross income on housing costs.

Beneficial Ownership

The natural person(s) who ultimately own or control an entity, regardless of legal structure or intermediary entities.

Capacity-Based Immigration

An approach that adjusts admission levels based on housing availability, wage trends, and labor market conditions.

Foreign Buyer

For purposes of this Act, individuals who are neither U.S. citizens nor lawful permanent residents (Green Card holders).

Institutional Investor

Entities that acquire residential properties at scale as financial assets, typically managing portfolios of 100+ homes.

Owner-Occupant

A person who owns and resides in a property as their primary residence.

Permanent Resident

A non-citizen who has been granted lawful permanent resident status (Green Card holder) with authorization to live and work in the U.S. indefinitely.

Price Floor

The minimum price at which housing will be sold, which can be established by investors making cash offers above market rates.

Citations & References

Housing Market Data

  • - U.S. Census Bureau, American Housing Survey
  • - Federal Housing Finance Agency, House Price Index
  • - National Association of Realtors

Labor Market Data

  • - Bureau of Labor Statistics
  • - U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Research

  • - Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University
  • - Urban Institute
  • - National Bureau of Economic Research